(1). 容器(Container)
容器(Container)是由Image派生而来的.
(2). 查看运行的容器
# 查看所有运行中的容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看所有运行过的容器(不论是否存活)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
93cbed24ac0c mysql:5.7.9 "/entrypoint.sh mysq…" 8 weeks ago Exited (0) 6 weeks ago slave
5a2704f5decf mysql:5.7.9 "/entrypoint.sh mysq…" 8 weeks ago Exited (137) 6 weeks ago master
(3). 启动容器(命令详解)
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
OPTIONS选项:
-i : 表示启动一个可交互的容器,并持续打开标准输入.
-t : 表示使用本地终端关联到容器的标准输入输出上.
-d : 表示将容器放置在后台运行.
--rm : 退出后即删除之容器.
--name : 表示定义容器唯一的名称.
IMAGE : 表示要运行的镜像.
COMMAND : 表示启动容器时要运行的命令.
(4). 交互式启动一个容器
# 以终端的形式,运行一个容器(lixinhelp/centos7:centos7),容器的名称为:centos-7.
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run -it --name centos-7 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 /bin/bash
# 安装网络工具
[root@304b19fca4bc /]# yum -y install net-tools
# 查看IP地址
[root@304b19fca4bc /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
# 查看Linux发行版
[root@304b19fca4bc /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
(5). 非交互式方式启动容器
# 启动容器(lixinhelp/centos7:centos7),调用容器命令(echo hello),然后退出
# 退出时删除(--rm)容器.
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run --rm lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 /bin/echo test
test
(6). 非交互式方式启动一个后台容器
# 以后台的方式启动容器(lixinhelp/centos7:centos7)
# 会返回一个容器ID
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run -d --name centos-7 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 /bin/sleep 600000
e96cc40bbd940d372b24338c0560db9ca1b73b74ef97806bfdfcbef2eae3efc3
# 查看运行中的镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e96cc40bbd94 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 "/bin/sleep 600000" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds centos-7
(7). 进入运行中的容器
# 查看运行中的容器(获得容器ID)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e96cc40bbd94 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 "/bin/sleep 600000" 7 minutes ago Up 6 minutes centos-7
# 以交互式的方式进入容器(e96cc40bbd94为容器ID)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker exec -it e96cc40bbd94 /bin/bash
# 查看容器IP地址
[root@e96cc40bbd94 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
(8). 停止运行中的容器
# 查看容器(获得容器ID)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e96cc40bbd94 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 "/bin/sleep 600000" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes centos-7
# 停止指定容器ID的容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker stop e96cc40bbd94
e96cc40bbd94
# 容器已经被停止了
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
(9). 重新启动曾经启动过的容器
# 重新启动指定容器ID的容器
# docker restart e96cc40bbd94
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker start e96cc40bbd94
e96cc40bbd94
# 查看运行中的容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e96cc40bbd94 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 "/bin/sleep 600000" 12 minutes ago Up 1 second centos-7
(10). 删除容器
# 停止容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker stop e96cc40bbd94
e96cc40bbd94
# 删除容器(-f强制删除)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker rm -f e96cc40bbd94
e96cc40bbd94
# 查看所有容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
(11). 提交容器内容到镜像
# 运行容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run -d --name centos-7 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7 /bin/sleep 60000000
ad5f439b7fbf297e175439bc1511d5433ceb7b4d5b237b6b10b05fd58e3cac39
# 进入容器
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker exec -it ad5f439b7fbf /bin/bash
# CentOS7默认是没有ifconfig命令,通过yum安装软件
[root@ad5f439b7fbf /]# yum -y install net-tools
# 一旦退出容器后,安装的软件在容器的可写层,并没有写入到镜像里.
# 所以,要在容器退出之前,提交容器信息到镜像里.
# 提交容器(ad5f439b7fbf),产生新的镜像(lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker commit -p ad5f439b7fbf lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools
sha256:2b2f5db2242f478dd2d527f684841dca7afb41082ca9573933527874fa5e4985
# 提交新的镜像到远程仓库
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker push lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools
The push refers to repository [docker.io/lixinhelp/centos7]
1e4025acf2d9: Pushing [======================> ] 42.81MB/94.28MB
174f56854903: Layer already exists
1e4025acf2d9: Pushing [==========================================> ] 80.06MB/94.28MB
# 创建容器(lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools),并进入容器.
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run -it lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools /bin/bash
[root@781a212b604b /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
(12). 导出镜像
# 查看有哪些镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
lixinhelp/centos7 centos7-net-tools 2b2f5db2242f 41 minutes ago 298MB
# 导出镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker save 2b2f5db2242f > /tmp/centos-7-net-tools.tar
# 查看是否生成镜像成功
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ ll /tmp/ |grep centos
-rw-r--r-- 1 lixin wheel 306056704 1 3 21:36 centos-7-net-tools.tar
(13). 导入镜像
# 先删除镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker rmi -f lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools
Untagged: lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools
Untagged: lixinhelp/centos7@sha256:83f21db5717c334f45493c341b06a895c3b715d39246b595679000c00e44894c
Deleted: sha256:2b2f5db2242f478dd2d527f684841dca7afb41082ca9573933527874fa5e4985
# 导入镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker load < /tmp/centos-7-net-tools.tar
Loaded image ID: sha256:2b2f5db2242f478dd2d527f684841dca7afb41082ca9573933527874fa5e4985
# 查看镜像(发现repository/tag都为空),需要设置一个tag
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 2b2f5db2242f 18 hours ago 298MB
# 给指定的镜像ID设置tag
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker tag 2b2f5db2242f lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools
# 再次查看镜像信息
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
lixinhelp/centos7 centos7-net-tools 2b2f5db2242f 18 hours ago 298MB
(14). 查看容器日志
# 创建一个容器,输出:hello world,并将日志信息输出到/dev/null,而不在宿主机器上显示输出.
# 2 : 错误输出
# 1 : 标准输出
# 把错误输出和标准输出合并,并写出到:/dev/null设备
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker run -d --name centos-7 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools /bin/echo "hello world" 2>&1 >> /dev/null
# 查看所有运行过的镜像
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e8e3e1dc74 lixinhelp/centos7:centos7-net-tools "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago centos-7
# 查看某个镜像的日志信息(-f与tail -f相似)
lixin-macbook:~ lixin$ docker logs -f f3e8e3e1dc74
hello world
